1. Weakening of vein valves –
Veins have tiny one-way valves that prevent blood from flowing backward. Over time, these valves weaken, causing blood to pool and veins to bulge.
2. Loss of elasticity in vein walls –
With age, the walls of veins lose collagen and elastin, making them less able to maintain their shape under pressure.
3. Increased venous pressure –
Standing or sitting for long periods increases hydrostatic pressure, which stretches and damages vein walls.
4. Reduced calf muscle pump –
The calf muscles help push blood upward. Less daily movement = less pumping action.
5. Genetic predisposition –
If your mother or grandmother had varicose veins, you have up to a 90% higher risk of developing them.
6. Hormonal changes –
Lower estrogen weakens connective tissue, including the support structures around veins.